226 lines
11 KiB
Python
226 lines
11 KiB
Python
import numpy as np
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from struct import unpack
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from PIL import Image, ImageTk
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import sys
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import tkinter
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import tkinter.filedialog
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class BmpData:
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def __init__(self, file_path:str):
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with open(file_path, "rb") as file:
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self.file = file
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self.bfType = unpack("<H", file.read(2))[0] # 0x00 文件类型
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self.bfSize = unpack("<i", file.read(4))[0] # 0x02 文件大小
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self.bfReserved1 = unpack("<H", file.read(2))[0] # 0x06 保留，必须设置为0
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self.bfReserved2 = unpack("<H", file.read(2))[0] # 0x08 保留，必须设置为0
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self.bfOffBits = unpack("<i", file.read(4))[0] # 0x0a 从头到位图数据的偏移
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self.biSize = unpack("<i", file.read(4))[0] # 0x0e 信息头的大小
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self.biWidth = unpack("<i", file.read(4))[0] # 0x12 图像的宽度(以像素为单位)
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self.biHeight = unpack("<i", file.read(4))[0] # 0x16 图像的高度(以像素为单位)(负说明图像是倒立的)
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self.biPlanes = unpack("<H", file.read(2))[0] # 0x1a 颜色平面数
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self.biBitCount = unpack("<H", file.read(2))[0] # 0x1c 比特数/像素数
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self.biCompression = unpack("<i", file.read(4))[0] # 0x1e 压缩类型
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self.biSizeImage = unpack("<i", file.read(4))[0] # 0x22 位图数据的大小
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self.biXPelsPerMeter = unpack("<i", file.read(4))[0] # 0x26 水平分辨率
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self.biYPelsPerMeter = unpack("<i", file.read(4))[0] # 0x2a 垂直分辨率
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self.biClrUsed = unpack("<i", file.read(4))[0] # 0x2e 位图使用的调色板中的颜色索引数
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self.biClrImportant = unpack("<i", file.read(4))[0] # 0x32 对图像显示有重要影响的颜色索引数(0说明都重要)
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self.color_palette = self.get_color_palette()
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self.img_np = self.get_numpy_img()
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self.gray = self.get_gray_img()
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file.close()
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def get_color_palette(self) -> np.ndarray:
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if (self.bfOffBits == 0x36): # 16/24位图像不需要调色板，起始位置就等于0x36
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return None
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color_alette_size = 2 ** int(self.biBitCount) # 多少字节调色板颜色就有2^n个
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color_palette = np.zeros((color_alette_size, 3), dtype=np.int32)
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self.file.seek(0x36)
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for i in range(color_alette_size):
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b = unpack("B", self.file.read(1))[0]
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g = unpack("B", self.file.read(1))[0]
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r = unpack("B", self.file.read(1))[0]
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alpha = unpack("B", self.file.read(1))[0]
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color_palette[i][0] = b
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color_palette[i][1] = g
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color_palette[i][2] = r
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return color_palette
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def get_numpy_img(self) -> np.ndarray:
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biHeight = abs(self.biHeight)
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img_np = np.zeros((biHeight, self.biWidth, 3), dtype=np.int32)
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self.file.seek(self.bfOffBits)
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for x in range(biHeight):
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row_byte_count = ((self.biWidth * self.biBitCount + 31) >> 5) << 2
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row_bits = self.file.read(row_byte_count)
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row_bits = ''.join(format(byte, '08b') for byte in row_bits)
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for y in range(self.biWidth):
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pixel_data = row_bits[y * self.biBitCount: (y + 1) * self.biBitCount]
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if self.biHeight > 0: # 图像倒立
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img_np[biHeight - 1 - x][y] = self.get_RGB(pixel_data)
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else:
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img_np[x][y] = self.get_RGB(pixel_data)
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return img_np
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def get_gray_img(self) -> np.ndarray:
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biHeight = abs(self.biHeight)
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gray_img = np.dot(self.img_np.reshape((biHeight * self.biWidth, 3)).astype(np.float32),
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[0.299, 0.587, 0.114]).astype(np.int32)
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gray_img = gray_img.reshape((biHeight, self.biWidth))
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return gray_img
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def get_RGB(self, pixel_data:str):
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if len(pixel_data) <= 8:
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color_index = int(pixel_data, 2)
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return self.color_palette[color_index]
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elif len(pixel_data) == 16:
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b = int(pixel_data[1:6], 2) * 8
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g = int(pixel_data[6:11], 2) * 8
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r = int(pixel_data[11:16], 2) * 8
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return [r, g, b]
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elif len(pixel_data) == 24:
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b = int(pixel_data[0:8], 2)
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g = int(pixel_data[8:16], 2)
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r = int(pixel_data[16:24], 2)
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return [r, g, b]
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elif len(pixel_data) == 32:
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b = int(pixel_data[0:8], 2)
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g = int(pixel_data[8:16], 2)
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r = int(pixel_data[16:24], 2)
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alpha = int(pixel_data[24:32], 2)
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return [r, g, b]
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def equalize(self, level:int):
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biHeight = abs(self.biHeight)
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self.hist = np.zeros(256, dtype=np.int32)
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max_value = self.gray.max()
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min_value = self.gray.min()
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gap = (max_value - min_value + 1) / level
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for x in range(biHeight):
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for y in range(self.biWidth):
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self.hist[self.gray[x, y]] += 1
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hist = np.zeros(level, dtype=np.float32)
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for i in range(level):
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hist[i] = np.sum(self.hist[min_value + int(i * gap) : min_value + int((i + 1) * gap)])
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hist /= biHeight * self.biWidth
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for i in range(1, level):
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hist[i] += hist[i - 1]
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hist *= level
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hist = np.around(hist)
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hist /= level
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hist = np.floor(hist * 255).astype(np.int32)
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self.equalized_img = np.zeros_like(self.gray)
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self.equalized_hist = np.zeros(256, dtype=np.int32)
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for x in range(biHeight):
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for y in range(self.biWidth):
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self.equalized_img[x, y] = hist[int((self.gray[x, y] - min_value) / gap)]
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self.equalized_hist[self.equalized_img[x, y]] += 1
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return self.equalized_img, self.hist, self.equalized_hist
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def save_equalized_img(self, save_path:str):
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self.save_img(image=self.equalized_img, save_path=save_path)
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def save_img(self, image:np.ndarray, save_path:str):
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with open(save_path, "wb") as file:
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file.write(int(self.bfType).to_bytes(2, byteorder='little')) # 0x00 文件类型
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file.write(int(0x36 + 0x100 * 4 + self.biWidth * abs(self.biHeight)).to_bytes(4, byteorder='little')) # 0x02 文件大小
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file.write(int(0).to_bytes(4, byteorder='little')) # 0x06 保留，必须设置为0
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file.write(int(0x36 + 0x100 * 4).to_bytes(4, byteorder='little')) # 0x0a 从头到位图数据的偏移
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file.write(int(40).to_bytes(4, byteorder='little')) # 0x0e 信息头的大小
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file.write(int(self.biWidth).to_bytes(4, byteorder='little')) # 0x12 图像的宽度
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file.write(int(self.biHeight).to_bytes(4, byteorder='little')) # 0x16 图像的高度
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file.write(int(self.biPlanes).to_bytes(2, byteorder='little')) # 0x1a 颜色平面数
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file.write(int(8).to_bytes(2, byteorder='little')) # 0x1c 比特数/像素数
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file.write(int(self.biCompression).to_bytes(4, byteorder='little')) # 0x1e 压缩类型
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file.write(int(self.biSizeImage).to_bytes(4, byteorder='little')) # 0x22 位图数据的大小
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file.write(int(self.biXPelsPerMeter).to_bytes(4, byteorder='little')) # 0x26 水平分辨率
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file.write(int(self.biYPelsPerMeter).to_bytes(4, byteorder='little')) # 0x2a 垂直分辨率
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file.write(int(0x100 * 4).to_bytes(4, byteorder='little')) # 0x2e 位图使用的调色板中的颜色索引数
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file.write(int(0).to_bytes(4, byteorder='little')) # 0x32 对图像显示有重要影响的颜色索引数
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for i in range(256):
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file.write(int(i).to_bytes(1, byteorder='little'))
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file.write(int(i).to_bytes(1, byteorder='little'))
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file.write(int(i).to_bytes(1, byteorder='little'))
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file.write(int(0).to_bytes(1, byteorder='little'))
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for x in range(abs(self.biHeight)):
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for y in range(self.biWidth):
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if self.biHeight > 0:
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file.write(int(image[self.biHeight - 1 - x][y]).to_bytes(1, byteorder='little'))
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else:
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file.write(int(image[x][y]).to_bytes(1, byteorder='little'))
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file.write(b'0' * ((((self.biWidth * 8 + 31) >> 5) << 2) - 8 * self.biWidth))
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file.close()
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def choosepic():
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global path_
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path_ = tkinter.filedialog.askopenfilename(title='请选择图片文件', filetypes=[('图片', '.bmp')])
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if path_ == '':
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return
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img_temp = Image.open(path_).resize((int(256 * 0.8), int(256 * 0.8))) # 图片读取和加载
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img = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img_temp)
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label_image1.config(image=img)
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label_image1.image = img
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def equalize():
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if path_ == '':
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return
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image = BmpData(path_)
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# img = Image.fromarray(image.img_np.astype(np.uint8))
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# img.show()
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equalized_img, hist, equalized_hist = image.equalize(8) # 分别为均衡化的图/直方图/均衡化后的直方图
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equalized_img = Image.fromarray(equalized_img.astype(np.uint8))
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# equalized_img.show()
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name_parts = path_.split('.')
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name_parts[-2] += "_equalized"
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new_file_name = '.'.join(name_parts)
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image.save_equalized_img(new_file_name)
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equalized_img = equalized_img.resize((int(256 * 0.8), int(256 * 0.8)))
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equalized_img = ImageTk.PhotoImage(equalized_img)
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label_image2.config(image=equalized_img)
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label_image2.image = equalized_img # 处理后的图片的显示
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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root = tkinter.Tk()
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root.title('21281280柯劲帆') # 标题
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width, height = 600, 400
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width_max, height_max = root.maxsize()
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s_center = '%dx%d+%d+%d' % (width, height, (width_max - width) / 2, (height_max - height) / 2) # 将页面显示在正中间
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root.geometry(s_center)
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root.resizable(width=False, height=False) # 窗口不可移动
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l = tkinter.Label(root, text='实验二', width=60, height=2, fg='black', font=("微软雅黑", 16), anchor=tkinter.CENTER)
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l.pack()
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label_image1 = tkinter.Label(root, width=int(256 * 0.8), height=int(256 * 0.8), bg='whitesmoke', anchor=tkinter.NE)
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label_image1.pack()
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label_image1.place(x=45, y=70, width=int(256 * 0.8), height=int(256 * 0.8))
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label_image2 = tkinter.Label(root, width=int(256 * 0.8), height=int(256 * 0.8), bg='whitesmoke', anchor=tkinter.NE)
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label_image2.place(x=350, y=70, width=int(256 * 0.8), height=int(256 * 0.8))
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# 文本按钮
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Image_Input = tkinter.Button(root, text='Choose', command=choosepic)
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Image_Input.place(x=105, y=300, width=80, height=30)
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# 直方图均衡化
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Fun1 = tkinter.Button(root, text='直方图均衡化', command=equalize)
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Fun1.place(x=265, y=300, width=80, height=30)
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# 退出
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Quit = tkinter.Button(root, text='Quit', command=sys.exit)
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Quit.place(x=415, y=300, width=80, height=30)
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end = tkinter.Label(root, text='21281280 柯劲帆', fg='silver', font=("微软雅黑", 10))
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end.place(x=215, y=360, width=200, height=20)
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root.mainloop() |