完成实验7和报告
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Assignments/Assignment7/source/作业7_21281280_柯劲帆.md
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<h1><center>课程作业</center></h1>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
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<div><span style="display: inline-block; width: 65px; text-align: center;">课程名称</span><span style="display: inline-block; width: 25px;">:</span><span style="display: inline-block; width: 210px; font-weight: bold; text-align: left;">数据库系统原理</span></div>
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<div><span style="display: inline-block; width: 65px; text-align: center;">作业次数</span><span style="display: inline-block; width: 25px;">:</span><span style="display: inline-block; width: 210px; font-weight: bold; text-align: left;">作业#7</span></div>
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<div><span style="display: inline-block; width: 65px; text-align: center;">学号</span><span style="display: inline-block; width: 25px;">:</span><span style="display: inline-block; width: 210px; font-weight: bold; text-align: left;">21281280</span></div>
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<div><span style="display: inline-block; width: 65px; text-align: center;">姓名</span><span style="display: inline-block; width: 25px;">:</span><span style="display: inline-block; width: 210px; font-weight: bold; text-align: left;">柯劲帆</span></div>
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<div><span style="display: inline-block; width: 65px; text-align: center;">班级</span><span style="display: inline-block; width: 25px;">:</span><span style="display: inline-block; width: 210px; font-weight: bold; text-align: left;">物联网2101班</span></div>
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<div><span style="display: inline-block; width: 65px; text-align: center;">指导老师</span><span style="display: inline-block; width: 25px;">:</span><span style="display: inline-block; width: 210px; font-weight: bold; text-align: left;">郝爽</span></div>
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<div><span style="display: inline-block; width: 65px; text-align: center;">修改日期</span><span style="display: inline-block; width: 25px;">:</span><span style="display: inline-block; width: 210px; font-weight: bold; text-align: left;">2024年6月3日</span></div>
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</div>
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---
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[TOC]
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# 1. 题目1
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> **一、 存储过程和触发器实验**
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>
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> 1. 请在你选用的数据库平台上，针对你的应用场景，对如下操作至少各实现一个存储过程：
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> 1. 单表或多表查询
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> 2. 数据插入
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> 3. 数据删除
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> 4. 数据修改
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>
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> 2. 通过ODBC、OLEDB、JDBC或任意其他的途径，在前端程序（C/S或B/S模式）中调用所实现的后台存储过程。
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>
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> 3. 在你的案例场景中，分别设计并实现一个由数据插入、数据更新、数据删除所引发的触发器（前触发或后触发都可以），测试触发器执行效果。
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## 1.1. 创建存储过程
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1. 单表或多表查询
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用于确认用户登录的密码。
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查询指定用户ID的密码，与用户输入的密码匹配。
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```mysql
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CREATE PROCEDURE VerifyUser(
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IN p_id BIGINT,
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IN p_password VARCHAR(255),
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OUT verify_status VARCHAR(255)
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)
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BEGIN
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DECLARE id_exist INT DEFAULT 0;
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DECLARE record_password VARCHAR(255);
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SELECT COUNT(*) INTO id_exist
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FROM passengers
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WHERE ID = p_id;
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IF id_exist = 0 THEN
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SET verify_status = 'NO_USER';
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ELSE
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SELECT `Password` INTO record_password
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FROM passengers
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WHERE ID = p_id;
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IF record_password != p_password THEN
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SET verify_status = 'WRONG_PASSWORD';
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ELSE
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SET verify_status = 'USER_VERIFIED';
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END IF;
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END IF;
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END;
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```
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2. 数据插入
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用户注册信息插入。
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```mysql
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CREATE PROCEDURE RegisterPassenger(
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IN p_id BIGINT,
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IN p_name VARCHAR(255),
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IN p_phone_number BIGINT,
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IN p_password VARCHAR(255),
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OUT result_message VARCHAR(255)
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)
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BEGIN
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INSERT INTO passengers (ID, `Name`, Phone_number, `Password`)
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VALUES (p_id, p_name, p_phone_number, p_password);
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SET result_message = '注册成功';
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END;
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```
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3. 数据删除和修改
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```mysql
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CREATE PROCEDURE ModifyPassengerInfo(
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IN p_id BIGINT,
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IN p_modify_type VARCHAR(255),
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IN p_new_password VARCHAR(255),
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IN p_phone_number BIGINT,
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OUT result_message VARCHAR(255)
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)
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BEGIN
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IF p_modify_type = 'delete account' THEN
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DELETE FROM passengers WHERE ID = p_id;
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SET result_message = '删除账户成功';
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ELSEIF p_modify_type = 'modify Password' THEN
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UPDATE passengers SET `Password` = p_new_password WHERE ID = p_id;
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SET result_message = '修改密码成功';
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ELSEIF p_modify_type = 'modify Phone_Number' THEN
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UPDATE passengers SET Phone_number = p_phone_number WHERE ID = p_id;
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SET result_message = '修改手机号成功';
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ELSE
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SET result_message = '无效的修改类型';
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END IF;
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END;
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```
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## 1.2.调用存储过程
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与实验五的逻辑一致，将后台python执行sql语句，改为调用存储过程。
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1. 数据插入
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将用户注册输入的信息插入表中。使用 `callproc` 方法调用存储过程，接着使用 `fetchall()` 方法获取存储过程的输出结果（这里起到清空输入缓冲区的作用），然后再调用 `execute` 方法执行 `SELECT` 操作，获取 `OUT` 参数。
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需要注意的是，不能直接 `SELECT <@参数名称>` ，而是 `SELECT <@_{存储过程名称}_{参数序号}>` ，并且使用 `fetchone()` 方法得到一个字典，参数的值为字典中键 `'@_{存储过程名称}_{参数序号}'` 对应的值。
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```python
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if request.method == 'POST':
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id = request.form['cardCode']
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name = request.form['name']
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phone_number = request.form['mobileNo']
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password = request.form['encryptedPassword']
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db = get_db()
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cursor = db.cursor()
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try:
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cursor.callproc('RegisterPassenger', (id, name, phone_number, password, "@result_message"))
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cursor.fetchall()
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cursor.execute("SELECT @_RegisterPassenger_4;")
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result_message = cursor.fetchone()['@_RegisterPassenger_4']
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print(result_message)
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flash(result_message)
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db.commit()
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except pymysql.MySQLError as e:
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db.rollback()
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if e.args[0] == 1644: # SQLSTATE 45000 corresponds to error code 1644
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flash("乘客已存在，无法重复注册")
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else:
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print(e)
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flash("数据库异常，注册失败")
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db.close()
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```
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2. 数据删除、修改
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```python
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class ModifyInfo:
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def __init__(self, form: Dict[str, str]):
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self.id = form['cardCode']
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modifyType = form['modifyType']
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self.new_password = form['encryptedNewPassword']
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self.phone_number = form['mobileNo'] if form['mobileNo'] != "" else "11111111111"
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modifyType2command = {
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'1': 'delete account',
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'2': 'modify Password',
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'3': 'modify Phone_Number'
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}
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self.command = modifyType2command[modifyType]
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def get_args(self):
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return (self.id, self.command, self.new_password, self.phone_number, "@result_message")
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def get_ok_message(self, cursor):
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cursor.execute("SELECT @_ModifyPassengerInfo_4;")
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return cursor.fetchone()['@_ModifyPassengerInfo_4']
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modifyInfo = ModifyInfo(request.form)
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try:
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cursor.callproc('ModifyPassengerInfo', modifyInfo.get_args())
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cursor.fetchall()
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db.commit()
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flash(modifyInfo.get_ok_message(cursor))
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except pymysql.MySQLError as e:
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db.rollback()
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if e.args[0] == 1644: # SQLSTATE 45000 corresponds to error code 1644
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flash("用户不存在，无法修改")
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else:
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print(e)
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flash("数据库异常，修改失败")
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db.close()
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```
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完整代码见附件。
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## 1.3. 触发器实现
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在用户注册、修改账户数据之前，必须验证用户是否存在。
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- 用户注册时，若用户ID已存在在表中，则不可再插入相同的ID的数据。
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```mysql
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CREATE TRIGGER BeforeInsertPassenger
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BEFORE INSERT ON passengers
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FOR EACH ROW
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BEGIN
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DECLARE id_exist INT DEFAULT 0;
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SELECT COUNT(*) INTO id_exist
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FROM passengers
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WHERE ID = NEW.ID;
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IF id_exist != 0 THEN
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SIGNAL SQLSTATE '45000' SET MESSAGE_TEXT = '乘客已存在，无法重复注册';
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END IF;
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END;
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```
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- 用户修改数据时，若用户ID不存在在表中，则不可修改。
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```mysql
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CREATE TRIGGER BeforeModifyPassengerInfo
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BEFORE UPDATE ON passengers
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FOR EACH ROW
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BEGIN
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DECLARE id_exist INT DEFAULT 0;
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SELECT COUNT(*) INTO id_exist
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FROM passengers
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WHERE ID = NEW.ID;
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IF id_exist = 0 THEN
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SIGNAL SQLSTATE '45000' SET MESSAGE_TEXT = '用户不存在，无法修改';
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END IF;
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END;
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```
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经过测试，结果与实验四一致，系统能够正确向用户发出错误警告。
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# 2. 题目2
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> **索引实验**
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>
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> 1) 结合作业#3，针对你的数据库中的一个表，编写简单的数据查询（查询语句应包括单个涉及非主属性等值比较的查询条件，设该非主属性为A，具体属性结合业务背景）和数据插入语句，程序应能在终端或服务器以文件形式记录每次数据读写操作的耗时。
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> 2) 无索引测试：执行查询（查询条件不包含主码，且不存在针对属性A建立的索引），记录不同数据规模下的查询时间，
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> 3) 有索引测试：针对属性A建立索引，采用与2）中相同的查询，记录不同数据规模下的查询时间。
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> 4) 分析实验数据，制作图表，比较有索引和无索引的情况下，查询时间随数据量增加的变化情况，分析导致实验结果的原因。
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## 2.1. 编写程序
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调库，设置数据量为 100,000 。
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```python
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import pymysql
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import random
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from tqdm import tqdm
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
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import numpy as np
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import pandas as pd
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N = 100000 # 十万条数据
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```
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连接数据库。
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```python
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db = pymysql.connect(
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host='127.0.0.1', user='kejingfan',
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password='PASSWORD', database='DBLab_7_2'
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)
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cursor = db.cursor()
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```
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初始化数据库，创建两个表。两个表的主属性为 `ID` ，用于测试的非主属性是 `Phone_number` 。
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- 在表 `passengers_no_index` 中**不针对** `Phone_number` 建立索引；
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- 在表 `passengers_with_index` 中**针对** `Phone_number` 建立索引。
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使用 `SET profiling = 1;` 设置使用 `PROFILES` ，记录近15次操作中每次操作的时间花费。该时间花费是 MySQL 内部的计时，没有网络延迟等误差影响计算结果。
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```python
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sql_statements = [
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"SET profiling = 1;",
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"DROP TABLE IF EXISTS passengers_no_index;",
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"DROP TABLE IF EXISTS passengers_with_index;",
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"""
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CREATE TABLE passengers_no_index (
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ID BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,
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`Name` VARCHAR (255) NOT NULL,
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Phone_number BIGINT NOT NULL,
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`Password` VARCHAR (255) NOT NULL,
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CHECK (ID REGEXP '^\\\\d{18}$'),
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CHECK (Phone_number REGEXP '^\\\\d{11}$')
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);
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""",
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"""
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CREATE TABLE passengers_with_index (
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ID BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,
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`Name` VARCHAR (255) NOT NULL,
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Phone_number BIGINT NOT NULL,
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`Password` VARCHAR (255) NOT NULL,
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CHECK (ID REGEXP '^\\\\d{18}$'),
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CHECK (Phone_number REGEXP '^\\\\d{11}$')
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);
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""",
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"CREATE INDEX idx_phone_number ON passengers_with_index (Phone_number);",
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]
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for sql in sql_statements:
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cursor.execute(sql)
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db.commit()
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```
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初始化写入的数据，并定义数组存储数据。
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```python
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id_list = random.sample(range(100000000000000000, 1000000000000000000), N)
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phone_number_list = random.sample(range(10000000000, 20000000000), N)
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insert_times = {
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'passengers_no_index': [],
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'passengers_with_index': []
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}
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query_times = {
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'passengers_no_index': [],
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'passengers_with_index': []
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}
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```
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分别对表 `passengers_no_index` 和表 `passengers_with_index` 进行插入操作，并读取 `PROFILES` 中的计时数据，写入列表中。
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```python
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for table_name in ['passengers_no_index', 'passengers_with_index']:
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print(f"操作数据表 {table_name} ：")
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insert_sql = f'''
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INSERT INTO {table_name} (ID, `Name`, Phone_number, `Password`)
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VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s);
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'''
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query_sql = f'''
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SELECT * FROM {table_name}
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WHERE Phone_number = %s;
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'''
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for i in tqdm(range(N)):
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cursor.execute(insert_sql, (id_list[i], 'kejingfan', phone_number_list[i], 'password'))
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db.commit()
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cursor.execute(query_sql, (phone_number_list[random.randint(0, i)],))
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cursor.execute("SHOW PROFILES;")
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profiles = cursor.fetchall()[-3:]
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profile = profiles[0]
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if "INSERT INTO" in profile[2]:
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insert_times[table_name].append(profile[1])
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profile = profiles[-1]
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if "SELECT * FROM" in profile[2]:
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query_times[table_name].append(profile[1])
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cursor.close()
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db.close()
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```
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```
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操作数据表 passengers_no_index ：
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100%|█████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████| 100000/100000 [20:55<00:00, 79.67it/s]
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操作数据表 passengers_with_index ：
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100%|████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████| 100000/100000 [13:12<00:00, 126.20it/s]
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```
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导出数据为 csv 文件，并画图（将 100,000 条数据每 100 条做平均，使得折线图平滑易读）：
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```python
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data = {
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'insert_times_no_index': insert_times['passengers_no_index'],
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'insert_times_with_index': insert_times['passengers_with_index'],
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'query_times_no_index': query_times['passengers_no_index'],
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'query_times_with_index': query_times['passengers_with_index']
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}
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df = pd.DataFrame(data)
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df.to_csv('performance_times.csv', index=True)
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def get_average_per_n(data, n):
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return [np.mean(data[i:i + n]) for i in range(0, len(data), n)]
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avg_insert_times_no_index = get_average_per_n(insert_times['passengers_no_index'], 1000)
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avg_insert_times_with_index = get_average_per_n(insert_times['passengers_with_index'], 1000)
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avg_query_times_no_index = get_average_per_n(query_times['passengers_no_index'], 1000)
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avg_query_times_with_index = get_average_per_n(query_times['passengers_with_index'], 1000)
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|
||||
plt.figure(figsize=(14, 7))
|
||||
|
||||
plt.subplot(2, 1, 1)
|
||||
plt.plot(range(len(avg_insert_times_no_index)), avg_insert_times_no_index, label='No Index Insert Time')
|
||||
plt.plot(range(len(avg_insert_times_with_index)), avg_insert_times_with_index, label='With Index Insert Time')
|
||||
plt.xlabel('Number of Insertions (in thousands)')
|
||||
plt.ylabel('Time (s)')
|
||||
plt.title('Average Insert Time vs Number of Insertions')
|
||||
plt.legend()
|
||||
|
||||
plt.subplot(2, 1, 2)
|
||||
plt.plot(range(len(avg_query_times_no_index)), avg_query_times_no_index, label='No Index Query Time')
|
||||
plt.plot(range(len(avg_query_times_with_index)), avg_query_times_with_index, label='With Index Query Time')
|
||||
plt.xlabel('Number of Queries (in thousands)')
|
||||
plt.ylabel('Time (s)')
|
||||
plt.title('Average Query Time vs Number of Queries')
|
||||
plt.legend()
|
||||
|
||||
plt.tight_layout()
|
||||
plt.show()
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 2.2. 实验结果及比较
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
可见对于查询操作：
|
||||
|
||||
- **有索引**的表耗时为常数；
|
||||
- **无索引**的表耗时与数据量呈正比例增长。
|
||||
|
||||
对于插入操作：
|
||||
|
||||
- **无索引**的表插入耗时一开始较多，最后趋于平稳；
|
||||
|
||||
- **有索引**的表插入耗时变化较为平稳，但始终比无索引的用时多约 10 倍。
|
||||
|
||||
以上运行结果的实验环境1为：
|
||||
|
||||
| 操作系统 | CPU |
|
||||
| ---------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------- |
|
||||
| Ubuntu 22.04.1（6.5.0-35-generic） | 12th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-12700H（ 20 核） |
|
||||
|
||||
我又用以下的实验环境2重新运行实验：
|
||||
|
||||
| 操作系统 | CPU |
|
||||
| ---------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------- |
|
||||
| 5.15.146.1-microsoft-standard-WSL2 | 11th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-1165G7（ 8 核） |
|
||||
|
||||
结果为：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
对于查询操作，结果用时比实验环境1运行用时多（硬件性能导致），但相对性能相近：
|
||||
|
||||
- **有索引**的表耗时为常数；
|
||||
- **无索引**的表耗时与数据量呈正比例增长。
|
||||
|
||||
对于插入操作：
|
||||
|
||||
- 两个表的插入用时均不稳定；
|
||||
|
||||
- **有索引**的表比**无索引**的用时少。
|
||||
|
||||
## 2.3. 实验结论
|
||||
|
||||
综合以上两个实验环境的运行结果，得出结论：
|
||||
|
||||
在重复数据少的属性上，建立索引有助于减少查询时间。但是建立索引可能对插入耗时造成无稳定的影响（具体影响因硬件和操作系统不同而不同）。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
|
||||
执行语句: DROP TABLE IF EXISTS passengers;
|
||||
执行语句: DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS BeforeInsertPassenger;
|
||||
执行语句: DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS BeforeModifyPassengerInfo;
|
||||
执行语句: DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS RegisterPassenger;
|
||||
执行语句: DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS VerifyUser;
|
||||
执行语句: DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS ModifyPassengerInfo;
|
||||
执行语句: CREATE TABLE passengers (
|
||||
ID BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,
|
||||
`Name` VARCHAR (255) NOT NULL,
|
||||
Phone_number BIGINT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
|
||||
`Password` VARCHAR (255) NOT NULL,
|
||||
CHECK (ID REGEXP '^\\d{18}$'),
|
||||
CHECK (Phone_number REGEXP '^\\d{11}$')
|
||||
);
|
||||
执行语句: DELIMITER //
|
||||
|
||||
CREATE TRIGGER BeforeInsertPassenger
|
||||
BEFORE INSERT ON passengers
|
||||
FOR EACH ROW
|
||||
BEGIN
|
||||
DECLARE id_exist INT DEFAULT 0;
|
||||
执行过程中出现错误: (1064, "You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'DELIMITER //\n\nCREATE TRIGGER BeforeInsertPassenger\nBEFORE INSERT ON passengers\nF' at line 1")
|
||||
@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import pymysql
|
||||
db_config = {
|
||||
'host': 'localhost',
|
||||
'user': 'kejingfan',
|
||||
'password': 'KJF2811879',
|
||||
'password': 'xxxxxxxx',
|
||||
'database': 'DBLab_7_1',
|
||||
'charset': 'utf8mb4',
|
||||
'cursorclass': pymysql.cursors.DictCursor
|
||||
|
||||
@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ app.secret_key = os.environ.get('SECRET_KEY', 'OPTIONALSECRETKEY')
|
||||
def get_db():
|
||||
return pymysql.connect(
|
||||
host='localhost', user='kejingfan',
|
||||
password='KJF2811879', database='DBLab_7_1',
|
||||
password='xxxxxxxx', database='DBLab_7_1',
|
||||
charset='utf8mb4',
|
||||
cursorclass=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
BIN
Assignments/Assignment7/作业7_21281280_柯劲帆.pdf
Normal file
BIN
Assignments/Assignment7/作业7_21281280_柯劲帆.pdf
Normal file
Binary file not shown.
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user